實像與虛像、商品與虛物
顯像的因素：
方式（掃描器、電子光學等）
目標（頻帶、構造等）
結果（層面、螢幕解析度等）
電子光學顯像：運用映射、反射面等方式將物的資訊內(nèi)容重現(xiàn)。
顯像是幾何光學科學研究的關鍵難題之一。
（1）燈源與發(fā)亮點
燈源：已經(jīng)發(fā)亮的物塊。
發(fā)亮點：燈源抽象性為理想化的線光源。
實發(fā)亮點：具體傳出光源的發(fā)亮點。
虛發(fā)光斑：光源或其反向延長線的相交點。
發(fā)亮點僅有幾何圖形部位，沒有尺寸。
燈源能夠抽象性為發(fā)亮點的標準：限度。
（2）光源與光線
光源：發(fā)光物傳出的含有輻射源動能的線框。
光線：在室內(nèi)空間上具備一定關聯(lián)的光源的結合。
同舟光線，也稱單心光線（concentricbeam,homocentricbeam）：光源自身或延伸線交于一點。
勻稱各向異性的全透明物質中，同舟光線相匹配比較有限遠方發(fā)亮點傳出的球面波或無限遠方發(fā)亮點傳出的平面波。
（3）光具組與理想化光具組
（4）光學電子系統(tǒng)的物點與像點
物點：對光具組而言，入射角線的發(fā)亮點或同舟光線的端點。
商品點：傳出同舟光線的物點。
虛物點：匯聚入射角線的端點、或出射同舟光線延伸線的相交點。
像點：歷經(jīng)光具組后，出射同舟光線的光心相交點或端點。
實像點：匯聚同舟光線的端點。
虛像點：散發(fā)同舟光線反向延長線的端點。
探討
①物和像全是由一系列的點組成的，物點和像點一一對應。
②商品、實像的實際意義取決于有光源具體發(fā)自或根據(jù)該點，而虛物、虛像只是是由光的直線傳播特性給人的眼睛導致的一種幻覺，事實上并沒有光源歷經(jīng)該點。
③物和像具備相對，虛實之間還可以開展變換。
物方與像方、物與像的共軛點性
High-Quality Optical Glass Convex Lens Manufacturer: Imaging Principles of Optical Lenses / Jingliang Optoelectronics
Real Image vs. Virtual Image, Product vs. Illusion
Factors Affecting Imaging:
? Method (e.g., scanners, electron optics)
? Target (e.g., frequency band, structure)
? Result (e.g., dimensions, screen resolution)
Electron Optics Imaging:
Electron optics imaging recreates the information of an object using methods such as mapping and reflection.
Imaging is one of the key issues in the study of geometric optics.
(1) Light Source and Luminous Point
? Light Source: A physical object that emits light.
? Luminous Point: An abstraction of the light source as an idealized line light source.
? Real Luminous Point: The actual point from which the light source emits light.
? Virtual Luminous Point: The intersection point of the light source or its reverse extension.
? Characteristics of Luminous Point: A luminous point only occupies a geometric position without any physical size.
Criteria for Abstracting a Light Source into a Luminous Point:
? Limitation: The ability to simplify the light source to an idealized point for geometric analysis.
(2) Light Source and Light Rays
? Light Source: A line containing radiative energy emitted from a luminous object.
? Light Rays: A collection of light sources with a specific relationship in space.
Concentric Rays (also known as single-focus rays, concentric beam, or homocentric beam):
These are light rays whose source or its extended lines intersect at a single point.
In a transparent medium with uniform and anisotropic properties, concentric rays correspond to:
? Spherical Waves: Emitted by a finite distant luminous point.
? Plane Waves: Emitted by a luminous point at an infinitely distant location.
(3) Optical System and Ideal Optical System
(4) Object Points and Image Points in an Optical-Electronic System
? Object Point: For an optical system, it is the luminous point of an incident ray or the endpoint of concentric rays.
? Real Object Point: A point that emits concentric rays.
? Virtual Object Point: The endpoint where incident rays converge or the intersection point of the extension of emerging concentric rays.
? Image Point: After passing through the optical system, it is the intersection point or endpoint of the optical axis of the emerging concentric rays.
? Real Image Point: The endpoint where concentric rays converge.
? Virtual Image Point: The endpoint where the extension of diverging concentric rays intersect in the opposite direction.
Discussion
1. Objects and Images: Both are composed of a series of points, and each object point corresponds to an image point.
2. Physical Meaning: Real objects and real images are meaningful because actual light sources originate from or pass through those points. Virtual objects and virtual images, however, are optical illusions caused by the straight-line propagation of light and do not involve actual light passing through those points.
3. Interchangeability: Objects and images have a relative relationship, and real and virtual states can interchange.
4. Conjugate Nature: The object and image sides, as well as object points and image points, exhibit a conjugate relationship in an optical system.
